Agriculture Indonesia after the Green Revolution
The failure of the Green Revolution triggered a systematic shift toward nature-friendly farming systems. However, the level of social and environmental changes have occurred.
Fertilizers and chemicals have damaged farmland. When farmers use chemical fertilizers, plants not only absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium more, but also absorbs micro nutrients in the soil, such as elemental zinc (zinc), iron (iron), and copper (copper). Land was gradually micronutrient deficiencies so that the soil's ability to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to be disturbed.
As a result, the soil becomes drier and declining land productivity. Many farmers who do not understand these cycles trying to overcome memerbanyak less fertile land with chemical fertilizers. Action is finally accelerating crisis farmers land.
Farmers are increasingly dependent on chemical fertilizers, more land is broken and in some areas, while the price of fertilizer and other chemicals more expensive, farmers are forced to go into debt as their initial capital in production. This pattern of economic ruin farmers and local agricultural systems.
Many farmers - who are unable to cultivate land due to high cost of production - eventually sell their land and become farmers. At the same time, human labor is replaced with the tractors. The involvement of women in the agricultural industry are increasingly eroded.
Today, agriculture is no longer the backbone of rural economies. Many farmers and children of farmers have sold their assets. Many of the sales of these assets is used as the "capital" of a member of TNI / police, civil servants (PNS), a labor and employment abroad. Systemic effects of the Green Revolution is still felt to this day.
In terms of land management practices, the failure of the Green Revolution, attacks planthopper and tungro virus, which destroyed millions of hectares of rice fields in Java, also sparked deep concern from the government.
In November 1986, President Suharto issued a presidential decree to prohibit 57 chemicals that cause outbreaks of brown plant hopper and tungro virus. Presidential instruction also establishes an integrated pest management (IPM) as a national program. Government subsidies for pesticides is reduced from 85% to zero price subsidies in 1989.
The government also launched the most aggressive integrated pest management throughout history in 1989. Government observer trained pest 1000, 2000, field workers and 100,000 farmers in three years with the help of the World Food Organization (FAO) and international donor agencies.
IPM program's main goal is to restore land productivity and reduce the use of pesticides that kill not only pests but also their natural predators.
Through IPM program is Indonesia's agriculture industry slowly but surely shift to a more environmentally friendly management, with a focus on natural techniques in accordance with ecological principles.
Fertilizers and chemicals have damaged farmland. When farmers use chemical fertilizers, plants not only absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium more, but also absorbs micro nutrients in the soil, such as elemental zinc (zinc), iron (iron), and copper (copper). Land was gradually micronutrient deficiencies so that the soil's ability to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to be disturbed.
As a result, the soil becomes drier and declining land productivity. Many farmers who do not understand these cycles trying to overcome memerbanyak less fertile land with chemical fertilizers. Action is finally accelerating crisis farmers land.
Farmers are increasingly dependent on chemical fertilizers, more land is broken and in some areas, while the price of fertilizer and other chemicals more expensive, farmers are forced to go into debt as their initial capital in production. This pattern of economic ruin farmers and local agricultural systems.
Many farmers - who are unable to cultivate land due to high cost of production - eventually sell their land and become farmers. At the same time, human labor is replaced with the tractors. The involvement of women in the agricultural industry are increasingly eroded.
Today, agriculture is no longer the backbone of rural economies. Many farmers and children of farmers have sold their assets. Many of the sales of these assets is used as the "capital" of a member of TNI / police, civil servants (PNS), a labor and employment abroad. Systemic effects of the Green Revolution is still felt to this day.
In terms of land management practices, the failure of the Green Revolution, attacks planthopper and tungro virus, which destroyed millions of hectares of rice fields in Java, also sparked deep concern from the government.
In November 1986, President Suharto issued a presidential decree to prohibit 57 chemicals that cause outbreaks of brown plant hopper and tungro virus. Presidential instruction also establishes an integrated pest management (IPM) as a national program. Government subsidies for pesticides is reduced from 85% to zero price subsidies in 1989.
The government also launched the most aggressive integrated pest management throughout history in 1989. Government observer trained pest 1000, 2000, field workers and 100,000 farmers in three years with the help of the World Food Organization (FAO) and international donor agencies.
IPM program's main goal is to restore land productivity and reduce the use of pesticides that kill not only pests but also their natural predators.
Through IPM program is Indonesia's agriculture industry slowly but surely shift to a more environmentally friendly management, with a focus on natural techniques in accordance with ecological principles.
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